Review 1.8

Intervallia II

Intervals II

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Intervals -

combination of two frequencies being played simultaneously; we hear two or more frequencies as one sound or experience

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Perfect Intervals

The Octave 2:1

The Fifth 3:2

The Fourth 4:3

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Imperfect Intervals

Minor/Major

2nds

3rds

6ths

7ths

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Harmonic Series Intervals

1 Octave

2 Fifth

3 Four

4 Major Third

5 minor Third

6 minor Third

7 -11 Major second

12 -20 minor second

21 + < minor seconds

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Consonantes

Consonants

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con + sono = to sound together

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Imperfect intervals are separated into two classes: consonants and dissonants

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In the harmonic series, the fifth and sixth intervals to occur are the major third followed by the minor third.
 

3rds:

 

Major 3rd | 4: 1/2 steps

 

 

C D E  - C/E

1 2 3  - M3

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Minor 3rd | 3: 1/2 steps

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E F G - E/G

1  2 3  - m3

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6ths:

Major 6th | 9: 1/2 steps

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C D E F G A - C/A

1 2 3 4 5 6 - M6th

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Minor 6th | 8: 1/2 steps

 

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E F G A B C  -  E/C

1 2  3  4  5 6 - m6th

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Inversion -

If the bottom note of a third is placed on top; i.e. C/E becomes E/C: it becomes a sixth. A sixth is said to be an INVERSION of a third.

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Dissonantes

Dissonants

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dis + sono = to sound apart

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In the harmonic series, the seconds appear after the 7th partial.
 

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2nds:

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Major 2rd | 2: 1/2 steps

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C D  - C/D

1 2  - M2

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Minor 2rd | 1: 1/2 steps

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E F - E/F

1  2   - m2

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7ths:

Major 7th | 11 : 1/2 steps

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C D E F G A B - C/B

1 2 3 4 5 6  7 - M7th

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Minor 7th | 10 : 1/2 steps

 

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E F G A B C  D -  E/D

1 2  3  4  5 6 7 - m7th

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Inversion -

If the bottom note of a second is placed on top; i.e. D/E becomes E/D: it becomes a seventh. A seventh is said to be an INVERSION of a second.

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Modalitas

Modality

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We have now filled in the octave with our seven natural notes and their chromatic flavors..

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Starting with A, we have discovered this pattern between the octave based on the harmonic series.

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A B C D E F G A

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What happened if we start on B?

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B C D E F G A B

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or C?

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C D E F G A B C

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These are called modes and there are seven of them based on which of the seven natural notes is considered the "tonic" or 1st note.

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A is the tonic in

A-Mode:

A B C D E F G A

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but A it is the 6th in C-Mode:

C D E F G A B C

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Since the tonic (primary or first note) has more weight than the other notes, it provides natural tension that composers use to create musical motion and meaning.

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Each mode is not equal, having a different arrangement of major and minor steps.

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We will visit the major and minors steps in the next lesson and see how it lead to key and Tonality.

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The mode used this video is A-mode.

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